If we can make contact with cephalopods as sentient beings, it is not because of a shared history, not because of kinship, but because evolution built minds twice over. This is probably the closest we will come to meeting an intelligent alien. [loc. 131]
Sometimes lyrical, sometimes very technical, this is an account of octopus intelligence -- its origins, its manifestations, its implications -- by a philosopher with a scientific background and a passion for scuba-diving.
The common ancestor of humans and cephalopods has been dated to 750 million years ago (more than twice the separation between humans and any other vertebrate). If octopuses are intelligent, then evolution came up with intelligence not once but twice. Octopuses, and closely-related cephalopods such as cuttlefish and perhaps squid, show intelligent behaviour in a variety of ways: they play, they manipulate their environment, they communicate. Their brains are very different from vertebrate brains, being more distributed. And they have very short lifespans, which seems tragic.
I enjoyed Godfrey-Smith's accounts of his encounters with octopuses and giant cuttlefish, including being led by the hand by one curious individual. The philosophical elements -- what is it like to be an octopus? echoing Nagel's 'What Is It Like to Be a Bat?, which was a set text when I was a philosophy undergraduate -- were less interesting to me, but I read the scientific studies with fascination... while cringing at some of the experiments performed on sentient creatures. ('Sentience comes before consciousness,' writes Godfrey-Smith: and he also makes a good case for consciousness.) A truly fascinating read, with compassion and empathy as much as science and philosophy.
Narrated by Peter Noble, whose enthusiasm and warmth kept me listening through the more theoretical sections.
Read because: I've owned the Kindle version since, er, May 2018: the audio version (from the library) was easier to get into, and then I alternated between text and audio. I have wanted to read it, but I think was put off by the dense philosophising -- though, on initial reading way back when, I got far enough to make me swear off eating octopus.






